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Thomsen, Jörn; Gutowska, Magdalena A; Saphörster, J; Heinemann, Agnes; Trübenbach, Katja; Fietzke, Jan; Hiebenthal, Claas; Eisenhauer, Anton; Körtzinger, Arne; Wahl, Martin; Melzner, Frank; Thomsen, Elsebeth (2010): Seawater carbonate chemistry and Mytilus edulis biological processes during experiments, 2010. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.763336, Supplement to: Thomsen, Jörn; Gutowska, Magdalena A; Saphörster, J; Heinemann, Agnes; Trübenbach, Katja; Fietzke, Jan; Hiebenthal, Claas; Eisenhauer, Anton; Körtzinger, Arne; Wahl, Martin; Melzner, Frank (2010): Calcifying invertebrates succeed in a naturally CO2-rich coastal habitat but are threatened by high levels of future acidification. Biogeosciences, 7(11), 3879-3891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3879-2010

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Abstract:
CO2 emissions are leading to an acidification of the oceans. Predicting marine community vulnerability towards acidification is difficult, as adaptation processes cannot be accounted for in most experimental studies. Naturally CO2 enriched sites thus can serve as valuable proxies for future changes in community structure. Here we describe a natural analogue site in the Western Baltic Sea. Seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord is elevated for large parts of the year due to upwelling of CO2 rich waters. Peak pCO2 values of >230 Pa (>2300 µatm) and pHNBS values of <7.5 are encountered during summer and autumn, average pCO2 values are ~70 Pa (~700 µatm). In contrast to previously described naturally CO2 enriched sites that have suggested a progressive displacement of calcifying auto- and heterotrophic species, the macrobenthic community in Kiel Fjord is dominated by calcifying invertebrates. We show that blue mussels from Kiel Fjord can maintain control rates of somatic and shell growth at a pCO2 of 142 Pa (1400 µatm, pHNBS = 7.7). Juvenile mussel recruitment peaks during the summer months, when high water pCO2 values of ~100 Pa (~1000 µatm) prevail. Our findings indicate that calcifying keystone species may be able to cope with surface ocean pHNBS values projected for the end of this century when food supply is sufficient. However, owing to non-linear synergistic effects of future acidification and upwelling of corrosive water, peak seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord and many other productive estuarine habitats could increase to values >400 Pa (>4000 µatm). These changes will most likely affect calcification and recruitment, and increase external shell dissolution.
Keyword(s):
Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384: European Project on Ocean Acidification
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106: European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1IdentificationIDThomsen, Jörn
2Experimental treatmentExp treatThomsen, Jörn
3SalinitySalThomsen, Jörn
4Temperature, waterTemp°CThomsen, Jörn
5pHpHThomsen, JörnWTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrodeNBS scale
6pH, standard deviationpH std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
7Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgThomsen, JörnPotentiometric titration, VINDTA (marianda)
8Alkalinity, total, standard deviationAT std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
9Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgThomsen, JörnSOMMA autoanalyzer
10Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviationDIC std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
11Carbon dioxide, partial pressurepCO2PaThomsen, JörnCalculated using CO2SYS
12Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviationpCO2 std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
13Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmThomsen, JörnCalculated using CO2SYS
14Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviationpCO2 std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
15Calcite saturation stateOmega CalThomsen, JörnCalculated using CO2SYS
16Calcite saturation state, standard deviationOmega Cal std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
17Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgThomsen, JörnCalculated using CO2SYS
18Aragonite saturation state, standard deviationOmega Arg std dev±Thomsen, Jörn
19IdentificationIDThomsen, Jörn
20Mytilus edulis, weight, shellM. edulis W shellmgThomsen, Jörn
21Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, Jörn
22Mytilus edulis, weight, dryM. edulis DWmgThomsen, Jörn
23Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, JörnScanning electron microscope (SEM)Initial
24Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, JörnScanning electron microscope (SEM)Final
25Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, JörnScanning electron microscope (SEM)95% shell length calcite thickness
26Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, JörnScanning electron microscope (SEM)75% shell length calcite thickness
27Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, JörnScanning electron microscope (SEM)75% shell length aragonite thickness
28ReplicatesRepl#Thomsen, Jörn75% shell length aragonite layers
29Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis shell LmmThomsen, JörnScanning electron microscope (SEM)75% shell length aragonite layer thickness
30Mytilus edulis, area, dissolvedM. edulis area dissmm2Thomsen, Jörn
31Mytilus edulis, dissolution severityM. edulis diss severityThomsen, Jörn
32Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, pHM. edulis pH (ha)Thomsen, JörnWTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrode
33Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, total dissolved inorganic carbonM. edulis DIC (ha)mmol/lThomsen, JörnAutomated CO2 analyzer (CIBA-Corning 965, UK)
34Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, apparent dissociation constant of carbon acidM. edulis pK (ha)Thomsen, Jörn
35Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, partial pressure of carbon dioxideM. edulis pCO2 (ha)PaThomsen, Jörn
36Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, partial pressure of carbon dioxideM. edulis pCO2 (ha)µatmThomsen, Jörn
37Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, bicarbonate ionM. edulis [HCO3]- (ha)mmol/lThomsen, Jörn
38Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, carbonate ionM. edulis [CO3]2- (ha)µmol/lThomsen, Jörn
39Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, sodium ionM. edulis Na+ (ha)%Thomsen, Jörnof seawater
40Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, potassium ionM. edulis K+ (ha)%Thomsen, Jörnof seawater
41Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, magnesium ionM. edulis Mg2+ (ha)%Thomsen, Jörnof seawater
42Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, calcium ionM. edulis Ca2+ (ha)%Thomsen, Jörnof seawater
43Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid pHM. edulis pH (epf)Thomsen, JörnWTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrode
44Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid total carbonM. edulis DIC (epf)mmol/lThomsen, JörnAutomated CO2 analyzer (CIBA-Corning 965, UK)
45Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid pKM. edulis pK (epf)Thomsen, Jörn
46Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid partial pressure of carbon dioxideM. edulis pCO2 (epf)PaThomsen, Jörn
47Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid partial pressure of carbon dioxideM. edulis pCO2 (epf)µatmThomsen, Jörn
48Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid bicarbonateM. edulis HCO3 (epf)mmol/lThomsen, Jörn
49Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid carbonate ionM. edulis CO3 (epf)µmol/lThomsen, Jörn
50Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51pHpHNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Total scale
52Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
57Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58Calcite saturation stateOmega CalNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
4825 data points

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