Citation:

rspb.2014.0003

Name: Gene expression changes in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi after 500 generations of selection to ocean acidification
Published: 2014-05-16
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

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Abstract:

Coccolithophores are unicellular marine algae that produce biogenic calcite scales and substantially contribute to marine primary production and carbon export to the deep ocean. Ongoing ocean acidification particularly impairs calcifying organisms, mostly resulting in decreased growth and calcification. Recent studies revealed that the immediate physiological response in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to ocean acidification may be partially compensated by evolutionary adaptation, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently unknown. Here, we report on the expression levels of 10 candidate genes putatively relevant to pH regulation, carbon transport, calcification and photosynthesis in E. huxleyi populations short-term exposed to ocean acidification conditions after acclimation (physiological response) and after 500 generations of high CO2 adaptation (adaptive response). The physiological response revealed downregulation of candidate genes, well reflecting the concomitant decrease of growth and calcification. In the adaptive response, putative pH regulation and carbon transport genes were up-regulated, matching partial restoration of growth and calcification in high CO2-adapted populations. Adaptation to ocean acidification in E. huxleyi likely involved improved cellular pH regulation, presumably indirectly affecting calcification. Adaptive evolution may thus have the potential to partially restore cellular pH regulatory capacity and thereby mitigate adverse effects of ocean acidification.

Keyword(s):

Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-05-15.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Sample code/label	Sample label		Lohbeck, Kai T
2	Species	Species		Lohbeck, Kai T
3	Experiment	Exp		Lohbeck, Kai T
4	Treatment	Treat		Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition (µatm pCO2)
5	Salinity	Sal		Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition
6	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition
7	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition
8	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition
9	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition
10	pH	pH		Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition, total scale
11	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lohbeck, Kai T		Selection condition
12	Treatment	Treat		Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition (µatm pCO2)
13	Salinity	Sal		Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
14	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
15	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
16	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
17	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
18	pH	pH		Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition, total scale
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
20	Gene name	Gene		Lohbeck, Kai T		Assay condition
21	Threshold cycle, quantitative polymerase chain reaction	Ct qPCR		Lohbeck, Kai T		Threshold cycle_a
22	Threshold cycle, quantitative polymerase chain reaction	Ct qPCR		Lohbeck, Kai T		Threshold cycle_b
23	Threshold cycle, quantitative polymerase chain reaction	Ct qPCR		Lohbeck, Kai T		Threshold cycle_c
24	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition, total scale
26	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
27	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
28	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
29	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
30	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
31	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
32	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Selection condition
33	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition, total scale
34	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition
36	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition
39	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition
40	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Assay condition

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

15400 data points

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