Citation:

ncomms9659

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Abstract:

The globally warm climate of the early Pliocene gradually cooled from 4 million years ago, synchronous with decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In contrast, palaeoceanographic records indicate that the Nordic Seas cooled during the earliest Pliocene, before global cooling. However, a lack of knowledge regarding the precise timing of Nordic Seas cooling has limited our understanding of the governing mechanisms. Here, using marine palynology, we show that cooling in the Nordic Seas was coincident with the first trans-Arctic migration of cool-water Pacific mollusks around 4.5 million years ago, and followed by the development of a modern-like Nordic Seas surface circulation. Nordic Seas cooling precedes global cooling by 500,000 years; as such, we propose that reconfiguration of the Bering Strait and Central American Seaway triggered the development of a modern circulation in the Nordic Seas, which is essential for North Atlantic Deep Water formation and a precursor for more widespread Greenland glaciation in the late Pliocene.

Project(s):

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)

Coverage:

Latitude: 67.225000 * Longitude: 2.928300

Date/Time Start: 1985-06-28T14:40:00 * Date/Time End: 1985-06-29T20:15:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 64.54 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 94.95 m

Event(s):

104-642B * Latitude: 67.225000 * Longitude: 2.928300 * Date/Time Start: 1985-06-28T14:40:00 * Date/Time End: 1985-06-29T20:15:00 * Elevation: -1294.0 m * Penetration: 221.1 m * Recovery: 214.61 m * Location: Norwegian Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 25 cores; 221.1 m cored; 0 m drilled; 97.1 % recovery

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Impagidinium sp.	Impagidinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. 1 of De Schepper and Head (2009, doi:10.1080/01916122.2009.9989673)
2	Sample code/label	Sample label		De Schepper, Stijn	DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation
3	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	De Schepper, Stijn		Geocode – mbsf
4	AGE	Age	ka BP	De Schepper, Stijn		Geocode
5	Age, minimum/young	Age min	ka	De Schepper, Stijn
6	Age, maximum/old	Age max	ka	De Schepper, Stijn
7	Dry mass	Dry m	g	De Schepper, Stijn
8	Lycopodium tablets	Lyc.tabN	#	De Schepper, Stijn		batch number 483216
9	Lycopodium clavatum spores per tablet	L. clavatum spores per tablet	#	De Schepper, Stijn
10	Lycopodium clavatum, standard deviation	L. clavatum std dev	±	De Schepper, Stijn
11	Lycopodium clavatum markers counted	L. clavatum markers counted	#	De Schepper, Stijn
12	Achomosphaera andalousiensis andalousiensis	A. andalousiensis andalousiensis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
13	Achomosphaera andalousiensis suttonensis	A. andalousiensis suttonensis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
14	Amiculosphaera umbraculum	A. umbraculum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
15	Ataxiodinium choane	A. choane	#	De Schepper, Stijn
16	Ataxiodinium confusum	A. confusum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
17	Ataxiodinium sp.	Ataxiodinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Ataxiodinium? sp. A
18	Ataxiodinium zevenboomii	A. zevenboomii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
19	Ataxiodinium spp.	Ataxiodinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
20	Barssidinium graminosum	B. graminosum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
21	Barssidinium pliocenicum	B. pliocenicum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
22	Barssidinium sp.	Barssidinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
23	Batiacasphaera micropapillata complex	B. micropapillata compl	#	De Schepper, Stijn
24	Batiacasphaera minuta	B. minuta	#	De Schepper, Stijn		s.s.
25	Batiacasphaera hirsuta	B. hirsuta	#	De Schepper, Stijn
26	Batiacasphaera sphaerica	B. sphaerica	#	De Schepper, Stijn
27	Batiacasphaera spp.	Batiacasphaera spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Batiacasphaera/Pyxidinopsis spp. indeterminate
28	Bitectatodinium raedwaldii	B. raedwaldii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
29	Bitectatodinium? serratum	B.? serratum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
30	Bitectatodinium sp.	Bitectatodinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. A
31	Bitectatodinium spp.	Bitectatodinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
32	Bitectatodinium tepikiense	B. tepikiense	#	De Schepper, Stijn
33	Brigantedinium spp.	Brigantedinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
34	Cerebrocysta? namocensis	C.? namocensis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
35	Cerebrocysta poulsenii	C. poulsenii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
36	Corrudinium devernaliae	C. devernaliae	#	De Schepper, Stijn
37	Corrudinium harlandii	C. harlandii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
38	Corrudinium? labradori	C.? labradori	#	De Schepper, Stijn
39	Cristadinium diminutivum	C. diminutivum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
40	Dapsilidinium pseudocolligerum	D. pseudocolligerum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
41	Desotodinium wrennii	D. wrennii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
42	Echinidinium spp.	Echinidinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
43	Filisphaera filifera filifera	F. filifera filifera	#	De Schepper, Stijn
44	Filisphaera filifera pilosa	F. filifera pilosa	#	De Schepper, Stijn
45	Filisphaera microornata	F. microornata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
46	Filisphaera spp.	Filisphaera spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
47	Habibacysta tectata	H. tectata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
48	Heteraulacacysta sp.	Heteraulacacysta sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. A of Costa and Dowie (1979)
49	Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae	H. rigaudiae	#	De Schepper, Stijn
50	Impagidinium aculeatum	I. aculeatum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
51	Impagidinium pallidum	I. pallidum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
52	Impagidinium paradoxum	I. paradoxum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
53	Impagidinium patulum	I. patulum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
54	Impagidinium solidum	I. solidum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
55	Impagidinium sphaericum	I. sphaericum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
56	Impagidinium sp.	Impagidinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. 1 of De Schepper and Head (2009, doi:10.1080/01916122.2009.9989673)
57	Impagidinium sp.	Impagidinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. 2 of De Schepper and Head (2009, doi:10.1080/01916122.2009.9989673)
58	Impagidinium spp.	Impagidinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
59	Impagidinium sp.	Impagidinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Impagidinium? sp. A
60	Invertocysta lacrymosa	I. lacrymosa	#	De Schepper, Stijn
61	Invertocysta tabulata	I. tabulata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
62	Invertocysta sp.	Invertocysta sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. I of de Vernal and Mudie (1989)
63	Invertocysta spp.	Invertocysta spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Invertocysta/Amiculosphaera spp. indeterminate
64	Labyrinthodinium truncatum	L. truncatum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
65	Lejeunecysta catomus	L. catomus	#	De Schepper, Stijn
66	Lejeunecysta hatterasensis	L. hatterasensis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
67	Lejeunecysta spp.	Lejeunecysta spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
68	Lingulodinium machaerophorum	L. machaerophorum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
69	Melitasphaeridium sp. cf. M. choanophorum	Melitasphaeridium sp. cf. M. choanophoru	#	De Schepper, Stijn
70	Melitasphaeridium choanophorum	M. choanophorum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
71	Melitasphaeridium sp.	Melitasphaeridium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. A of De Schepper and Head (2008, doi:10.1017/S1477201907002167)
72	Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus	N. labyrinthus	#	De Schepper, Stijn
73	Nematosphaeropsis lativittata	N. lativittata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
74	Nematosphaeropsis spp.	Nematosphaeropsis spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
75	Protoceratium reticulatum	P. reticulatum	#	De Schepper, Stijn	Counting	cysts of Protoceratium reticulatum (previously known as Operculodinium centrocarpum sensu Wall and Dale (1966))
76	Operculodinium centrocarpum	O. centrocarpum	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Operculodinium centrocarpum/israelianum
77	Operculodinium? eirikianum var. crebrum	O.? eirikianum var. crebrum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
78	Operculodinium? eirikianum var. eirikianum	O.? eirikianum var. eirikianum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
79	Operculodinium janduchenei	O. janduchenei	#	De Schepper, Stijn
80	Operculodinium sp.	Operculodinium sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. 1 of Louwye et al. (2004, doi:10.1017/S0016756804009136)
81	Operculodinium tegillatum	O. tegillatum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
82	Operculodinium spp.	Operculodinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
83	Pentapharsodinium dalei	P. dalei	#	De Schepper, Stijn	Counting, palynology	cysts
84	Pyxidinopsis braboi	P. braboi	#	De Schepper, Stijn
85	Pyxidinopsis sp.	Pyxidinopsis sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. A
86	Pyxidinopsis vesiculata	P. vesiculata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
87	Pyxidinopsis spp.	Pyxidinopsis spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn
88	Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata	R. actinocoronata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
89	Dinoflagellate cyst	Dinofl cyst	#	De Schepper, Stijn		round brown cysts
90	Selenopemphix armageddonensis	S. armageddonensis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
91	Selenopemphix brevispinosa	S. brevispinosa	#	De Schepper, Stijn
92	Selenopemphix dionaeacysta	S. dionaeacysta	#	De Schepper, Stijn
93	Selenopemphix nephroides	S. nephroides	#	De Schepper, Stijn
94	Selenopemphix quanta	S. quanta	#	De Schepper, Stijn
95	Selenopemphix spp.	Selenopemphix spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
96	Spiniferites elongatus	S. elongatus	#	De Schepper, Stijn
97	Spiniferites membranaceus	S. membranaceus	#	De Schepper, Stijn
98	Spiniferites mirabilis	S. mirabilis	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Spiniferites mirabilis/hyperacanthus
99	Spiniferites spp.	Spiniferites spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Spiniferites/Achomosphaera spp. indeterminate
100	Spiniferites sp.	Spiniferites sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. A of Louwye and De Schepper (2010, doi:10.1017/S0016756804009136)
101	Tectatodinium pellitum	T. pellitum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
102	Trinovantedinium variabile	T. variabile	#	De Schepper, Stijn
103	Trinovantedinium glorianum	T. glorianum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
104	Trinovantedinium spp.	Trinovantedinium spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn
105	Tuberculodinium vancampoae	T. vancampoae	#	De Schepper, Stijn
106	Dinoflagellate cyst	Dinofl cyst	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
107	Dinoflagellate cyst	Dinofl cyst	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sum
108	Dinoflagellate cyst per unit mass	Dinofl cyst	#/g	De Schepper, Stijn		cysts per gram dry sediment
109	Dinoflagellate cyst, error	Dinofl cyst e	±	De Schepper, Stijn		concentration error, cysts per gram dry sediment.
110	Dinoflagellate cyst, reworked	Dinofl cyst rew	#	De Schepper, Stijn
111	Cyclopsiella granosa	C. granosa	#	De Schepper, Stijn
112	Cymatiosphaera? aegirii	C.? aegirii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
113	Cymatiosphaera? fensomei	C.? fensomei	#	De Schepper, Stijn
114	Cymatiosphaera? icenorum	C.? icenorum	#	De Schepper, Stijn
115	Cymatiosphaera? invaginata	C.? invaginata	#	De Schepper, Stijn
116	Cymatiosphaera spp.	Cymatiosphaera spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
117	Lavradosphaera canalis	L. canalis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
118	Lavradosphaera sp. cf. L. canalis	Lavradosphaera sp. cf. L. canalis	#	De Schepper, Stijn
119	Lavradosphaera crista	L. crista	#	De Schepper, Stijn
120	Lavradosphaera lucifer	L. lucifer	#	De Schepper, Stijn
121	Lavradosphaera sp.	Lavradosphaera sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. 2 of Schreck et al. (2013, doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.03.003)
122	Lavradosphaera spp.	Lavradosphaera spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
123	Leiosphaeridia rockhallensis	L. rockhallensis	#	De Schepper, Stijn		Leiosphaeridia rockhallensis?
124	Nannobarbophora walldalei	N. walldalei	#	De Schepper, Stijn
125	Cysts	Cysts	#	De Schepper, Stijn		type 1 of de Vernal and Mudie (1989)
126	Acritarcha indeterminata	Acr indet	#	De Schepper, Stijn		small spiny
127	Acritarch sp.	Acritarch sp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sp. 1 of Head et al. (1989)
128	Acritarch spp.	Acritarch spp.	#	De Schepper, Stijn		indeterminate
129	Acritarcha	Acr	#	De Schepper, Stijn		sum
130	Acritarcha per unit mass	Acr	#/g	De Schepper, Stijn		acritarchs per gram dry sediment
131	Acritarcha, error	Acr e	±	De Schepper, Stijn		concentration error, acritarchs per gram dry sediment
132	Pollen, bisaccate	Pollen bisaccate	#	De Schepper, Stijn
133	Pollen, non-bisaccate	Pollen non-bisaccate	#	De Schepper, Stijn
134	Spores	Spo	#	De Schepper, Stijn
135	Tsuga	Tsu	#	De Schepper, Stijn
136	Palynomorpha, terrestrial	Palyn ter	#	De Schepper, Stijn
137	Palynomorpha, terrestrial	Palyn ter	#/g	De Schepper, Stijn		grains per gram dry sediment
138	Palynomorpha, terrestrial, standard deviation	Palyn ter std dev	±	De Schepper, Stijn		grains per gram dry sediment
139	Pterospermella	Pterospermella	#	De Schepper, Stijn
140	Botryococcus	Bot	#	De Schepper, Stijn
141	Gelasinicysta vangeelii	G. vangeelii	#	De Schepper, Stijn
142	Debarya glyptosperma	D. glyptosperma	#	De Schepper, Stijn
143	Tasmanites	Tasmanites	#	De Schepper, Stijn

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2564 data points

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