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Beaufort, Luc; Probert, Ian; de Garidel-Thoron, Thibault; Bendif, E M; Ruiz-Pino, Diana; Metzi, N; Goyet, Catherine; Buchet, Noëlle; Coupel, Pierre; Grelaud, Michaël; Rost, Björn; Rickaby, Rosalind E M; De Vargas, Colomban (2011): Seawater carbonate chemistry and Emiliania huxleyi mass and size, 2011. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.767576, Supplement to: Beaufort, L et al. (2011): Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification. Nature, 476, 80-83, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10295

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Abstract:
About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are abundant phytoplankton that are responsible for a large part of modern oceanic carbonate production. Culture experiments investigating the physiological response of coccolithophore calcification to increased CO2 have yielded contradictory results between and even within species. Here we quantified the calcite mass of dominant coccolithophores in the present ocean and over the past forty thousand years, and found a marked pattern of decreasing calcification with increasing partial pressure of CO2 and concomitant decreasing concentrations of CO3. Our analyses revealed that differentially calcified species and morphotypes are distributed in the ocean according to carbonate chemistry. A substantial impact on the marine carbon cycle might be expected upon extrapolation of this correlation to predicted ocean acidification in the future. However, our discovery of a heavily calcified Emiliania huxleyi morphotype in modern waters with low pH highlights the complexity of assemblage-level responses to environmental forcing factors.
Keyword(s):
Antarctic; Emiliania huxleyi; Indian Ocean; North Atlantic; North Pacific; Phytoplankton; South Atlantic; South Pacific
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384: European Project on Ocean Acidification
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106: European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -3.036408 * Median Longitude: 50.459066 * South-bound Latitude: -71.833000 * West-bound Longitude: -142.250000 * North-bound Latitude: 43.683000 * East-bound Longitude: 146.400000
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Sample IDSample IDBeaufort, Luc
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Age, datedAge datedkaBeaufort, Luc
5Emiliania huxleyi, weightE. huxleyi WpgBeaufort, LucEstimated by measuring brightness in cross-polarized light (birefringence)
6Emiliania huxleyi, weight, standard errorE. huxleyi W std e±Beaufort, Luc
7Emiliania huxleyi, diameterE. huxleyi diamµmBeaufort, LucMeasured and/or detected by SYRACO software
8ReplicatesRepl#Beaufort, Luc
9SalinitySalBeaufort, LucCTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
10Temperature, waterTemp°CBeaufort, LucCTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
11Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgBeaufort, LucTitration potentiometric
12Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgBeaufort, LucTitration potentiometric
13pHpHBeaufort, LucCalculated using CO2SYSSea water scale
14Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmBeaufort, LucCalculated using CO2SYS
15Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgBeaufort, LucCalculated using CO2SYS
16Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17pHpHNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Total scale
18Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25Calcite saturation stateOmega CalNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
16400 data points

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