Citation:

j.toxicon.2013.11.011

Name: Impact of elevated pCO2 on paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin content and composition in Alexandrium tamarense
Published: 2014-09-12
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Alexandrium tamarense; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems and may particularly affect primary producers. Here we investigated the impact of elevated pCO2 on paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin (PST) content and composition in two strains of Alexandrium tamarense, Alex5 and Alex2. Experiments were carried out as dilute batch to keep carbonate chemistry unaltered over time. We observed only minor changes with respect to growth and elemental composition in response to elevated pCO2. For both strains, the cellular PST content, and in particular the associated cellular toxicity, was lower in the high CO2 treatments. In addition, Alex5 showed a shift in its PST composition from a nonsulfated analogue towards less toxic sulfated analogues with increasing pCO2. Transcriptomic analyses suggest that the ability of A. tamarense to maintain cellular homeostasis is predominantly regulated on the post-translational level rather than on the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, genes associated to secondary metabolite and amino acid metabolism in Alex5 were down-regulated in the high CO2 treatment, which may explain the lower PST content. Elevated pCO2 also induced up-regulation of a putative sulfotransferase sxtN homologue and a substantial down-regulation of several sulfatases. Such changes in sulfur metabolism may explain the shift in PST composition towards more sulfated analogues. All in all, our results indicate that elevated pCO2 will have minor consequences for growth and elemental composition, but may potentially reduce the cellular toxicity of A. tamarense.

Keyword(s):

Alexandrium tamarense; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-09-11.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
2	Strain	Strain		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
3	Figure	Fig		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
4	Table	Tab		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
5	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		treatment
6	Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total	Cell PST	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
7	Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total, standard deviation	Cell PST std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
8	Toxicity, cellular	Cell toxicity	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		STXeq
9	Toxicity, cellular, standard deviation	Cell toxicity std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		STXeq
10	Neurotoxin saxitoxin	STX	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
11	Neurotoxin saxitoxin, standard deviation	STX std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
12	Neosaxitoxin	NEO	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
13	Neosaxitoxin, standard deviation	NEO std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
14	Gonyautoxins 2/3	GTX 2/3	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
15	Gonyautoxins 2/3, standard deviation	GTX 2/3 std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
16	Gonyautoxins 1/4	GTX 1/4	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
17	Gonyautoxins 1/4, standard deviation	GTX 1/4 std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
18	Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2	Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
19	Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2, standard deviation	Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2 std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
20	Category	Cat		Van de Waal, Dedmer B		KOG
21	Gene abundance	GA	#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		down-regulated
22	Gene abundance	GA	#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		up-regulated
23	Time in days	Time	days	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
24	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
25	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
26	Growth rate, standard deviation	µ std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
27	Particulate organic carbon production per cell	POC prod/cell	pg/#/day	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
28	Particulate organic carbon, production, standard deviation	POC prod std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
29	Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell	POC/cell	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
30	Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation	POC std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
31	Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell	PON/cell	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
32	Nitrogen, organic, particulate, standard deviation	PON std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
33	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
34	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation	C/N std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
35	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
36	Salinity	Sal		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
37	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
38	pH	pH		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric	NBS scale
39	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric	NBS scale
40	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric titration
41	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric titration
42	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Coulometric titration
43	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Coulometric titration
44	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS
45	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS
46	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
48	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

6500 data points

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